Print processing method and printing system

ABSTRACT

A server constituted by a plurality of processors which process page description language data receives a print instruction from a client, and decides the number of layers into which a page is to be segmented based on render instructions included in the page description language data. The server decides the number of processors which perform parallel processing of the generation of print data from the page description language data based on the decided number of layers. The server generates print data equal in number to the number of layers based on which the number of processors is decided. An output device requests the server to transmit print data. The server transmits print data in accordance with the request from the output device. Upon receiving the print data from the server, the output device processes the print data and outputs it onto a sheet.

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.14/049,131, filed Oct. 8, 2013 (pending), which is a divisional of U.S.application Ser. No. 13/182,314, filed Jul. 13, 2011 (abandoned), thecontents each of which are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a print processing method and aprinting system.

2. Description of the Related Art

Conventionally, the printer driver of a host PC generates pagedescription language (PDL) data and transfers it to a print processingapparatus, which in turn performs print processing of the PDL data. Morespecifically, the controller in the print processing apparatus generatesa display list (DL), and renders the data into a bitmap using a hardwareor software renderer.

There has also been proposed a technique of processing a page which isaccompanied by complicated render commands output from an applicationand hence takes much time for print processing when rendering the data,by segmenting the PDL data for each band to concurrently generate DLs,and concurrently rendering the DLs segmented for each band. See, forexample, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 2000-141811 and 2009-245436.Concurrently processing PDL/DL data segmented for each band speeds upthe processing of a page which takes much time for processing.

In addition, as forms of performing various types of processes on theserver side, techniques called a cloud computing system and SaaS(Software as a Service) have recently begun to be used.

In the conventional technique described above, however, since PDL and DLdata are segmented into bands and concurrently processed, if renderinstructions are unevenly distributed in a page, the processing timesfor the respective bands vary. For this reason, one page is notgenerated until the processing of a band including the largest number ofrender instructions is complete.

Furthermore, the conventional technique described above gives noconsideration to the engine speed of a device which outputs a sheet ofpaper when segmenting PDL and DL data in a page. For this reason, evenif PDL and DL data are segmented, the device cannot fully exhibit itsperformance.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a method and system which can performdata segmentation in consideration of the engine speed of a device, byusing an optical segmentation method when performing parallelprocessing.

According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided aprint processing method for a printing system in which a client whichissues a print instruction, a server including a plurality of processorswhich process page description language data, and an output device whichoutputs print data generated from the page description language data areconnected to each other via a network, wherein the server executes: areception step of receiving a print instruction from the client; adecision step of deciding the number of layers into which a page issegmented, based on render instructions included in the page descriptionlanguage data, and deciding the number of processors which performparallel processing for generation of print data from the pagedescription language data, based on the decided number of layers; ageneration step of generating the print data equal in number to thenumber of layers based on which the number of processors is decided inthe decision step; and a transmission step of transmitting the printdata generated in the generation step in accordance with a request fromthe output device, and wherein the output device executes: a requestingstep of requesting the server to transmit the print data; and an outputstep of processing the print data upon receiving the print data from theserver in the requesting step, and outputting the print data onto asheet.

Further features of the present invention will become apparent from thefollowing description of exemplary embodiments (with reference to theattached drawings).

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a view showing a plurality of apparatuses constituting aprinting system;

FIG. 2A is a block diagram showing the internal arrangement of an imageforming apparatus, and FIG. 2B is a block diagram showing an example ofthe internal arrangement of an information processing apparatus;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the functions of each apparatus of theprinting system;

FIG. 4A is a view showing conventional PDL segmentation (bandsegmentation), and FIG. 4B is a view showing PDL segmentation (layersegmentation) in this embodiment;

FIG. 5 is a view showing an overall processing sequence in the printingsystem;

FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing an overall processing procedure;

FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure in a PDLsegmentation server;

FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing the details of PDL segmentation in the PDLsegmentation server;

FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure in a virtualprocessor group;

FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure in an outputdevice;

FIG. 11 is a view for explaining weighting operation for PDLsegmentation;

FIGS. 12A and 12B are views for explaining processing speed estimationin layer segmentation; and

FIG. 13A is a view showing a case in which the virtual processorsgenerate no DL even after the lapse of a predetermined period of time,and FIG. 13B is a flowchart showing the processing of deciding thenumber of virtual processors in accordance with a charge system.

DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail belowin accordance with the accompanying drawings.

<Arrangement of Printing System>

A plurality of apparatuses constituting a printing system will bedescribed first with reference to FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 1, therespective apparatuses constituting the printing system are connected toeach other via networks 100.

In this case, the respective apparatuses include a virtual processorgroup 102, a PDL segmentation server 103, an image forming apparatus 104as an output device, and a client computer (client PC) 105. The networks100 are communication lines for the exchange of information among therespective apparatuses. The Internet 101 is a communication line for theexchange of information among the respective apparatuses over firewalls.The Internet 101 allows the network 100 to which the virtual processorgroup 102 and the PDL segmentation server 103 belong to communicate withthe network 100 to which the image forming apparatus 104 and the clientPC 105 belong, over the firewalls.

The networks 100 and the Internet 101 are, for example, communicationnetworks which support the TCP/IP protocol, and it does not matterwhether they are wired or wireless. FIG. 1 shows the virtual processorgroup 102 as a processor group. However, a plurality of processors maybe prepared as servers, and the PDL segmentation server 103 may includethem.

The internal arrangements of the respective apparatuses constituting theprinting system shown in FIG. 1 will be described in detail next. Theinternal arrangement of the image forming apparatus 104 will bedescribed first with reference to the block diagram shown in FIG. 2A.

The image forming apparatus 104 includes two units, namely an imageprocessing unit 1041 and a printing unit 1042. In this case, the imageprocessing unit 1041 incorporates a CPU 1043, a direct storage unit1044, an indirect storage unit 1045, a RIP 1046, a user interface 1047,and an external interface 1048. Note that RIP is an abbreviation for“Raster Image Processor”.

The CPU 1043 is a unit which issues instructions for various kinds ofcontrol of the image forming apparatus 104 by executing predeterminedprograms. The direct storage unit 1044 is a work memory to be used whenthe CPU 1043 executes various programs. A program to be executed by theCPU 1043 is loaded into the direct storage unit 1044. The direct storageunit 1044 is implemented by a RAM.

The indirect storage unit 1045 stores various kinds of programsincluding application programs and a platform program. Various kinds ofprograms stored in the indirect storage unit 1045 are moved to thedirect storage unit 1044 when the CPU 1043 executes the programs. Theindirect storage unit 1045 is implemented by an SSD (Solid State Drive)or HDD (Hard Disc Drive). Note that the CPU 1043 may be multiprocessor.

A platform will be described in detail below. Implementing the platformcan execute the new application developed by the user on the imageforming apparatus 104, and can also customize the image formingapparatus 104.

A method of implementing the platform will be described next. The CPU1043 moves the platform program stored in the indirect storage unit 1045to the direct storage unit 1044. When the program is completely moved,the CPU 1043 becomes ready to execute the platform program.

The operation of causing the CPU 1043 to execute the platform programwill be referred to as “to activate the platform”. Note that theplatform will operate on firmware in the image forming apparatus 104. Inaddition, the platform program provides an environment for the executionof an application program.

A method of executing an application program on the platform will bedescribed in detail next. Printing software which accepts a printrequest operates on the platform. This printing software transmits printdata received from the client PC 105 to the RIP 1046 to make it startrendering processing of the print data (DL). For example, this softwarethen transmits the print data (DL) to a device connected via the network100 and the Internet 101 by using a communication protocol such as HTTP(Hyper Text Transfer Protocol). Executing the application program on theplatform can implement control of the image forming apparatus 104.

A method of executing an application program will be described next. Theactivated platform moves the application program stored in the indirectstorage unit 1045 to the direct storage unit 1044. Upon completion ofthe movement, the platform becomes ready to execute the applicationprogram. The platform then executes the application program. Thefunction of the platform which can be provided by executing theapplication program in this manner will be referred to as a “platformapplication” in this embodiment. In addition, the platform can performpart of each of the processes based on the flowcharts disclosed in theembodiment.

The RIP 1046 is a unit which inputs PDL (Page Description Language) data(to be described later) and generates a bitmap. The RIP 1046 isimplemented by hardware or software. The user interface 1047 is a unitnecessary to accept a processing request from the user. For example,this unit accepts a signal corresponding to an instruction input by theuser via a keyboard, mouse, or the like. The external interface 1048 canreceive data from an external apparatus and transmit data to an externalapparatus. For example, external apparatuses include external storagedevices such as external HDDs and external USB memories and separateapparatuses such as separate host computers and image formingapparatuses which are connected via networks. Note that the imageforming apparatus 104 can communicate with the client PC 105, thevirtual processor group 102, and the like via the networks 100 and theInternet 101.

The internal arrangement of each of information processing apparatusesfunctioning as the virtual processor group 102, the PDL segmentationserver 103, and the client PC 105 will be described with reference toFIG. 2B. FIG. 2B is a block diagram showing an example of the internalarrangement of an information processing apparatus 106. As shown in FIG.2B, the information processing apparatus 106 includes a user interface1061, a CPU 1062, a direct storage unit 1063, an indirect storage unit1064, and an external interface 1065.

The user interface 1061 is a unit necessary to accept a processingrequest from the user. For example, this unit accepts a signalcorresponding to an instruction input by the user via a keyboard, mouse,or the like. The CPU 1062 is a unit which issues instructions forvarious kinds of control of the information processing apparatus 106 byexecuting predetermined programs. The direct storage unit 1063 is a workmemory to be used when the CPU 1062 executes a program. A program to beexecuted by the CPU 1062 is loaded into the direct storage unit 1063.The direct storage unit 1063 is implemented by a RAM.

The indirect storage unit 1064 stores various kinds of programsincluding application programs and an OS (Operating System). Variouskinds of programs stored in the indirect storage unit 1064 are moved tothe direct storage unit 1063 when the CPU 1062 executes the programs.The indirect storage unit 1064 is implemented by a ROM and an HDD. Theexternal interface 1065 is connected to the network 100 and cancommunicate with other apparatuses connected to the network 100.

<Functions of Each Apparatus in Printing System>

The functions of each apparatus in the printing system according to thisembodiment will be described next with reference to FIG. 3. FIG. 3 is ablock diagram showing the functions of each apparatus in the printingsystem. The functions of the virtual processor group 102 will bedescribed first. The virtual processor group 102 includes the functionsof a request reception unit 4011, a back-end processing unit 4021, aqueue service 405, and a storage 406.

The request reception unit 4011 has a function of accepting a processingrequest transmitted from the client PC 105 or the image formingapparatus 104. The back-end processing unit 4021 has a function ofprocessing a processing request by using a processing program. Morespecifically, the back-end processing unit 4021 performs processing byloading a processing program into the memory of a processor whichexecutes the back-end processing unit 4021. The request reception unit4011 and the back-end processing unit 4021 are implemented by loadingthe request reception program and back-end processing program stored inthe indirect storage unit 1064 in FIG. 2B into the direct storage unit1063 and making the CPU 1062 execute them.

The queue service 405 has a function for asynchronous data communicationwith the request reception unit 4011 and the back-end processing unit4021. The storage 406 has a function of storing various kinds of dataincluding data as an execution result obtained by processing by theback-end processing unit 4021. The storage 406 is implemented by theindirect storage unit 1064 in FIG. 2B. The virtual processor group 102is assumed to operate as a Worker Role in Windows Azure. The functionsof the virtual processor group 102 have been described above, and willbe described in further detail later.

The functions of the PDL segmentation server 103 will be described next.The PDL segmentation server 103 has a PDL segmentation function 301. ThePDL segmentation function 301 is implemented by the CPU 1062, directstorage unit 1063, and indirect storage unit 1064 in FIG. 2B.

In this case, PDL is data generated by the user using a printer driver304 on the client PC 105 (to be described later). The PDL segmentationserver 103 is assumed to operate as a Web Role in Windows Azure.

The functions of the image forming apparatus 104 will be described indetail next. The image forming apparatus 104 has the functions of a RIP302 and platform application 303. The platform application 303 has afunction of acquiring data stored in the virtual processor group 102connected via the network 100. The platform application 303 isimplemented by loading the platform application program stored in thedirect storage unit 1044 in FIG. 2A into the indirect storage unit 1045and making the CPU 1043 execute it.

The RIP 302 has a function of providing a rendering service ofinterpreting print data (DL) and converting the data into a bitmap. Inaddition, this service checks for the request reception unit 4011whether the generation of print data is complete. At this time, theservice performs this check based on the ID generated by the PDLsegmentation server 103.

The functions of the client PC 105 will be described last in detail. Theprinter driver 304 is installed in the client PC 105. The printer driver304 has a function of generating PDL data from application data based oninformation stored in an output device (image forming apparatus 104)connected via the network 100. This function is implemented by loadingthe printer driver software stored in the indirect storage unit 1064 inFIG. 2B into the direct storage unit 1063 and making the CPU 1062execute it. The above description is about the functions of eachapparatus in the printing system according to this embodiment.

<Conventional Page Segmentation and Page Segmentation in thisEmbodiment>

The differences between the conventional PDL segmentation function andthe PDL segmentation function in the printing system according to thisembodiment will be described in detail next with reference to FIGS. 4Aand 4B. FIG. 4A shows a case of conventional PDL segmentation (bandsegmentation). In this case, the system renders, on the entire page, atriangle, circle, and rectangle sequentially arranged from the deepestside, from the render instructions included in PDL data (pagedescription language data), so as to superimpose them. In this case, theapparatus segments the page into three bands, namely upper,intermediate, and lower bands, and concurrently processes them usingthree virtual processors.

As a consequence, the respective segmented PDL data include renderinstructions in the following manner. The first segmented PDL dataincludes render instructions corresponding to the upper portions of thetriangle and circle. The second segmented PDL data includes renderinstructions corresponding to the intermediate portion of the triangle,the lower portion of the circle, and the entire rectangle such that theyoverlap each other. The third segmented PDL data includes the lowerportion of the triangle.

When the loads of the respective rendering processes are calculated fromthe render instructions, the processing load of the first segmented PDLdata is small, the processing load of the second segmented PDL data islarge, and the processing load of the third segmented PDL data is small.

FIG. 4B shows a case of PDL segmentation (layer segmentation) accordingto this embodiment. In this case, the system renders, on the entirepage, a triangle, circle, and rectangle sequentially arranged from thedeepest side, from the render instructions included in PDL data, so asto superimpose them. The system segments this page into three layers,with the background, intermediate, and uppermost layers respectivelyincluding the triangle, circle, and rectangle, and concurrentlyprocesses them using three virtual processors.

As a consequence, the respective segmented PDL data include renderinstructions in the following manner. The first segmented PDL dataincludes render instructions corresponding to the entire triangle. Thesecond segmented PDL data includes render instructions corresponding tothe entire circle. The third segmented PDL data includes renderinstructions corresponding to the entire rectangle.

When the loads of the respective rendering processes are calculated fromthe render instructions, the processing loads of the first to thirdsegmented PDL data are all intermediate.

In parallel processing, the longest processing time among the segmentedprocesses is regarded as the final processing time. For this reason,conventional band segmentation produces segmented PDL data with a lightprocessing load and segmented PDL data with a heavy processing loaddepending on the uneven distribution of commands rendered in a page.This segmentation technique cannot always provide optimal segmentation.In contrast, segmentation for each layer as in this embodimentfacilitates making adjustment so as to make the respective segmented PDLdata have intended processing loads.

<Weighting in Page Segmentation>

Weighting in PDL segmentation in the printing system according to thisembodiment will be described next in detail with reference to FIG. 11.In this case, the system renders, on the entire page, a triangle at thefirst level, a circle at the second level, and a rectangle at the thirdlevel, sequentially from the deepest side, based on the renderinstructions included in input PDL data, so as to superimpose them, andrenders a rectangle at the 150th level on the uppermost surface.

As shown in FIG. 11, the processing of generating a DL from PDL data ischaracterized in that the larger the number of levels included in eachPDL data, the longer the time it takes to process the PDL data, and viceversa. When finally printing the segmented PDL data, it is necessary toperform superimposition processing at the time of rendering. Thisprocessing must always be sequentially performed starting from the layerclosest to the background surface.

When, therefore, segmenting PDL data, it is necessary to segment the PDLdata so as to make PDL data on layers closer to the background surfaceinclude smaller numbers of levels and take shorter processing times, inconsideration of the above characteristic, instead of evenly segmentingthe PDL data in accordance with the number of virtual processors whichcan be used. This operation is called weighting.

FIG. 11 shows an example of how PDL data is segmented with weightingoperation. In this case, when there are five virtual processors andinput PDL data includes 150 levels, the number of levels included insegmented PDL data 1 in the deepest layer is 10, and the number oflevels included in segmented PDL data 2 on segmented PDL data 1 is 20.The number of levels includes in segmented PDL data 3 on segmented PDLdata 2 is 30. The number of levels included in segmented PDL data 4 onsegmented PDL data 3 is 40. The number of levels included in segmentedPDL data 5 on segmented PDL data 4 is 50.

The details of this processing will be described in associated with<Processing of Deciding Numbers of Levels in PDL segmentation>, and theeffects of weighting operation will be described in association with<Processing Speed Estimation in Layer Segmentation>.

<Overall Processing Sequence>

An overall processing sequence in the printing system according to thisembodiment will be described next with reference to FIG. 5. First ofall, the user issues a print instruction from the printer driver 304 ofthe client PC 105 to the PDL segmentation server 103 in step S501. Uponreceiving the print instruction, the PDL segmentation server 103 returnsa document ID and a server ID to the printer driver 304 in step S502. Instep S503, the printer driver 304 sends the document ID and the serverID to the output device 104 which outputs a sheet of paper.

In step S504, the output device 104 sends the document ID to the PDLsegmentation server 103 to perform polling to acquire PDL segmentationinformation. In step S505, the PDL segmentation server 103 also performsPDL segmentation processing based on the print instruction received instep S501.

The PDL segmentation server 103 transmits each segmented PDL data to thevirtual processor group 102 in step S506, and receives the segmented PDLdata IDs and the virtual processor IDs from the virtual processor group102 in step S507. Upon completion of the segmentation of all the pagesand transmission to the virtual processor group 102, the PDLsegmentation server 103 transmits the respective segmented PDL data IDsand the virtual processor IDs of the virtual processors which areprocessing the PDL data to the output device 104 in step S508.

In step S509, the virtual processor group 102 converts the respectivesegmented PDL data received in step S506 into DLs. In step S510, theoutput device 104 performs polling to check, based on the segmented PDLdata IDs and virtual processor IDs received in step S508, whether thegeneration of DLs from the deepest layer is complete. If this processingis complete, the output device 104 acquires the segmented DLs in stepS511. In step S512, the output device 104 then renders the acquired DLand performs superimposition processing as needed. The output device 104repeats the above processing for all the DLs. Upon completion of thisprocessing, the output device 104 notifies the printer driver 304 of theend of printing in step S513.

<Overall Processing Procedure>

The operation of the printer driver, PDL segmentation server, virtualprocessor group, and output device will be described next with referenceto FIGS. 6 to 10. FIG. 6 shows an overall processing procedure in thisembodiment. FIG. 7 shows a processing procedure in the PDL segmentationserver 103. FIG. 8 shows a detailed procedure for PDL segmentation inthe PDL segmentation server 103. FIG. 9 shows a processing procedure inthe virtual processor group 102. FIG. 10 shows a processing procedure inthe output device 104.

The overall processing procedure will be described first with referenceto FIG. 6. In step S601, the printer driver 304 of the client PC 105generates PDL data from print target data designated by a printingapplication in step S601. The printer driver 304 then determines in stepS602 whether a cloud environment can be used. If NO in step S602, theprinter driver 304 causes the output device 104 to execute printprocessing under a conventional local environment in step S603, andterminates this processing.

If the printer driver 304 determines in step S602 that a cloudenvironment can be used, as shown in FIG. 1, the printer driver 304transfers the PDL data to the PDL segmentation server 103 on the cloudin step S604. With this operation, the PDL segmentation server 103segments the PDL data received in step S605. The details of segmentationprocessing in the PDL segmentation server 103 will be described later inassociation with <PDL Segmentation Processing (Web Role)>

The PDL segmentation server 103 then transmits the segmented PDL dataobtained by segmentation in step S605 to the virtual processor group102. In step S606, the virtual processor group 102 concurrentlygenerates the DLs of the segmented PDL data. The details of theprocessing in the virtual processor group 102 will be described later inassociation with <Segmented PDL Data DL Generation Processing (WorkerRole)>

The generated DLs are transmitted to the output device 104. In stepS607, the output device 104 renders the respective DLs to generate abitmap, and performs superimposition processing as needed, therebygenerating a one-page image. The details of this processing in theoutput device 104 will be described in association with <RenderingProcessing in Device>.

<PDL Segmentation (Web Role)>

Web Role processing as PDL segmentation processing in this embodimentwill be described next with reference to FIG. 7. In step S701, the PDLsegmentation server 103 receives PDL data as a processing target via theInternet 101. In step S702, the PDL segmentation server 103 checks theengine speed of the output device 104. In step S703, the PDLsegmentation server 103 checks the number and throughputs of virtualprocessors of the virtual processor group 102.

The PDL segmentation server 103 then interprets the PDL data received instep S704 to check in step S705 whether each page of the PDL data is aheavy page that does not allow to achieve the engine speed unless therender commands included in the page are segmented with a threshold ormore. If NO in step S705, the PDL segmentation server 103 transmits theunsegmented PDL data to the virtual processor group 102 in step S706.The process then advances to step S710. If YES in step S705, the PDLsegmentation server 103 decides the number of levels included in eachsegmented PDL data in consideration of the number of levels in eachpage, the number of virtual processors, and superimposition in stepS707. The details of this processing will be described in associationwith <Processing of Deciding Numbers of Levels in PDL Segmentation>

The PDL segmentation server 103 then segments the PDL data into layers(for each layer) based on the numbers of levels decided in step S708. Itis easy to perform segmentation because objects to be rendered aredescribed in the PDL data from the deepest layer. Each PDL datasegmented in step S709 is then transmitted to the virtual processorgroup 102. In step S710, the PDL segmentation server 103 determineswhether the processing of all the pages of the received PDL data iscomplete. If NO in step S710, the process returns to step S704 toprocess the next page. If the PDL segmentation server 103 determines instep S710 that the processing of all the pages is complete, the PDLsegmentation server 103 terminates this processing.

<Segmented PDL Data DL Generation Processing (Worker Role)>

Worker Role processing as segmented PDL data DL generation processing inthis embodiment will be described next with reference to FIG. 8. In stepS801, the virtual processor group 102 receives segmented PDL data to beprocessed from the PDL segmentation server 103. In step S802, thevirtual processor group 102 generates a DL from each segmented PDL datareceived in step S802. In step S803, the virtual processor group 102determines whether to perform processing up to rendering processing bydetermining whether the band between the output device 104 and thevirtual processor group 102 is wider than a predetermined band. If YESin step S803, the virtual processor group 102 interprets the DL andrenders it into a bitmap in step S804.

If NO in step S803, the process advances to step S805, in which thevirtual processor group 102 determines whether there is any transmissionrequest from the output device 104. If the virtual processor group 102determines that there is no transmission request, the process loopsuntil the output device 104 issues a transmission request. If there is atransmission request from the output device 104, the process advances tostep S806, in which the virtual processor group 102 transfers the DLgenerated in step S802 or the bitmap generated in step S804 to theoutput device 104, and terminates this processing.

<Rendering Processing in Device>

Rendering processing in the device according to this embodiment will bedescribed next with reference to FIG. 9. In step S901, the output device104 receives print information from the printer driver 304 or Web Role.In step S902, the output device 104 determines whether the received datais segmented data. If NO in step S902, the output device 104 determinesin step S903 whether the data is a DL. If NO in step S903, the outputdevice 104 receives the bitmap from the virtual processor group 102 instep S904. The process then advances to step S919. If YES in step S903,the output device 104 receives the DL from the virtual processor group102 in step S905. In step S906, the output device 104 renders thereceived DL into a bitmap. The process then advances to step S919.

If the output device 104 determines in step S902 that the received datais segmented data, the output device 104 determines in step S907 whetherthe data is DL data. If NO in step S907, the output device 104 waits instep S908 until a bitmap to be received is generated. If a bitmap isgenerated, the output device 104 receives the generated bitmap from thevirtual processor group 102 in step S909. In step S910, the outputdevice 104 determines whether it is necessary to performsuperimposition. If the output device 104 determines that there is noneed to perform superimposition as in a case in which the bitmapcorresponds to the background surface, the process advances to stepS912. If it is necessary to perform superimposition, the output device104 performs superimposition processing for the background and thecurrently processed bitmap in step S911. In step S912, the output device104 determines whether the processing of all the data is complete. Ifthe processing is not complete, the process advances to step S908. Ifthe processing is complete, the process advances to step S919.

If the output device 104 determines in step S907 that the data is DLdata, the output device 104 waits in step S913 until a DL to be receivedis generated. When DL data is generated, the output device 104 receivesthe DL data from the virtual processor group 102 in step S914. In stepS915, the output device 104 determines whether it is necessary toperform superimposition. If the output device 104 determines in stepS917 that there is no need to perform superimposition as in a case inwhich the DL data corresponds to the background surface, the outputdevice 104 renders the DL data into a bitmap. The process then advancesto step S918. If it is necessary to perform superimposition in stepS916, the output device 104 generates a bitmap from the DL underprocessing which is to be superimposed while performing superimpositionprocessing for the bitmap on the background. In step S918, the outputdevice 104 determines whether the processing of all the data iscomplete. If NO in step S918, the process returns to step S913 to startprocessing the next layer. If YES in step S918, the output device 104outputs the generated bitmap onto a sheet in step S919, and terminatesthis processing.

<Processing of Deciding Numbers of Levels in PDL Segmentation>

The processing of deciding the numbers of levels in PDL segmentation inthis embodiment will be described next with reference to FIG. 10. Firstof all, in step S1001, the PDL segmentation server 103 inputs threeconditions including a number LSN of levels included in PDL data to beprocessed, an engine speed ES of the output device 104, and a throughputPS of the virtual processor group 102. The PDL segmentation server 103then calculates a number LNP of levels that can be processed by thevirtual processor group 102 within the engine speed ES from thethroughput PS and the engine speed ES.

In step S1002, the PDL segmentation server 103 calculates a number PN ofvirtual processors for processing the PDL data at the engine speed bydividing the number LSN of levels included in the PDL data by thethroughput of the virtual processor group 102. In step S1003, the PDLsegmentation server 103 determines whether the calculated number PN islarger than one. If NO in step S1003, the PDL segmentation server 103assigns one-page PDL data to one virtual processor without segmentingthe PDL data in step S1004.

If the PDL segmentation server 103 determines in step S1003 that thecalculated number PN is larger than one, the PDL segmentation server 103calculates a median value ML of the number of levels in the PDL data bydividing the number of levels included in the PDL data by the number ofvirtual processors required in step S1005. In step S1006, the PDLsegmentation server 103 calculates a weight LW for the number of levelsfor each virtual processor by dividing the median value ML of levels bythe value obtained dividing the number LSN of levels included in the PDLdata by two. In step S1007, the PDL segmentation server 103 decides thenumber of levels by adding or deleting the number of levelscorresponding to the weight for each virtual processor with reference tothe median value ML as the center.

In step S1008, the PDL segmentation server 103 determines whether thedetermined number of levels is too large or small. If NO in step S1008,the PDL segmentation server 103 terminates this processing. If YES instep S1008, the PDL segmentation server 103 adjusts the numbers oflevels by adding or deleting the number of levels corresponding to theexcess or deficiency to or from the number of levels on the foregroundlayer in step S1009. The PDL segmentation server 103 then terminatesthis processing.

<Processing Speed Estimation in Layer Segmentation>

Processing speed estimation in layer segmentation in this embodimentwill be described next with reference to FIGS. 12A and 12B. FIG. 12Ashows various kinds of conditions 1201 assumed in this estimation. Firstof all, data processed is PDL data having complicated render commandswhich do not allow to achieve an engine speed of 50 ppm, if the currentPDL data is not segmented. In this case, assume the following. When thelevels are uniformly distributed, the time taken to generate the DL ofone layer is 0.3 sec. The time taken for the RIP (Hard) on the device torender is 0.1 sec. The time taken for the RIP (Soft) on virtualprocessors is 0.3 sec. The time taken to perform superimposition at thetime of rendering is 0.1 sec. The time taken to transfer the DL to thedevice is 0.1 sec. The time taken to transmit a bitmap to the device is0.3 sec. Assume also that the number of DLs that can achieve the enginespeed is estimated to be five.

Under these premises, as shown in FIG. 12B, a timing chart 1202indicates a case in which all the processes are performed within thedevice without using the existing cloud. In this case, since one CPUgenerates DLs, it is possible to process the DLs concurrently with RIP.This processing takes a total of 1.8 sec. Obviously, 50 ppm cannot beachieved.

A timing chart 1203 indicates a case in which virtual processors performprocessing up to the generation of DLs without weighting operationdescribed in association with <Weighting in Page Segmentation>. In thiscase, DLs are concurrently generated. However, it is not possible tostart RIP until the processing associated with the background layer iscomplete. Therefore, the generation of DLs and RIP are not concurrentlyperformed. As a consequence, this processing takes a total of 1.3 sec.

A timing chart 1204 indicates a case in which virtual processorsperforms processing up to the generation of DLs while performingweighting operation described in association with <Weighting in PageSegmentation>. In this case, since DLs are concurrently generated withweighting operation, the generation of the DL of the background layer iscomplete earlier than other layers, the DLs are generated concurrentlywith RIP. This processing takes a total of 1.1 sec. Obviously, an enginespeed of 50 ppm can be achieved.

A timing chart 1205 indicates a case in which virtual processors performprocessing up to the generation of bitmaps without performing weightingoperation described in association with <Weighting in PageSegmentation>. In this case, although parallel processing is performedamong the respective layers, the generation of DLs is not parallel withthe generation of bitmaps. In addition, rendering to bitmaps increasesthe amount of information as compared with DLs, and hence it takes muchtime to transfer the information to the device. Obviously, thisprocessing takes a total of 1.3 sec.

A timing chart 1206 indicates a case in which virtual processors performprocessing up to the generation of bitmaps while performing weightingoperation described in association with <Weighting in PageSegmentation>. In this case, although parallel processing is performedamong the respective layers, the generation of DLs is not parallel withthe generation of bitmaps. In addition, rendering to bitmaps increasesthe amount of information as compared with DLs, and hence it takes muchtime to transfer the information to the device. Obviously, thisprocessing takes a total of 1.2 sec.

As described above, it is expected to speed up the processing by makingvirtual processors generate segmented DLs and to speed up the processingby implementing parallel processing in PDL segmentation by performingweighting operation.

<When Virtual Processor Group Generate No DL Even after Lapse ofPredetermined Period of Time>

Processing to be performed when the virtual processor group generates noDL even after the lapse of a predetermined period of time will bedescribed next with reference to FIG. 13A. In step S1301, the virtualprocessor group 102 determines whether the PDL segmentation server 103has generated DL data. This determination is the same as that in stepS909 or S914. If YES in step S1301, the virtual processor group 102terminates this processing. If NO in step S1301, the virtual processorgroup 102 determines in step S1302 whether the determination in stepS1301 has been performed for a time equal to or more than a timecorresponding to a given threshold. If NO in step S1302, the processreturns to step S1301 to perform determination again. If YES in stepS1302, the virtual processor group 102 transmits information instructingto reduce the segmentation unit to the PDL segmentation server 103 instep S1303, and then terminates this processing.

<Decision of Number of Virtual Processors in Accordance with ChargeSystem>

The decision of the number of virtual processors in accordance with acharge system will be described next with reference to FIG. 13B. In stepS1304, the PDL segmentation server 103 determines whether the user ischarged in accordance with the number of virtual processors to be used.If YES in step S1304, the PDL segmentation server 103 increases thesegmentation unit for PDL data in step S1306, and terminates thisprocessing. If NO in step S1304, the PDL segmentation server 103decreases the segmentation unit to achieve the engine speed, andterminates this processing.

Note that in this embodiment, the PDL data generated by the client PC105 is transmitted to the cloud. However, this system may be configuredto generate PDL data on the cloud.

According to the present invention, it is possible to minimize theuneven distribution of the numbers of render instructions uponsegmentation to perform optimal parallel processing. In addition, theembodiment is configured to segment data in consideration of theperformance of the output device. This makes it possible for the outputdevice to fully exert its performance even for data which includes manyrender instructions and does not allow the conventional output device toexert its performance.

OTHER EMBODIMENTS

Aspects of the present invention can also be realized by a computer of asystem or apparatus (or devices such as a CPU or MPU) that reads out andexecutes a program recorded on a memory device to perform the functionsof the above-described embodiment(s), and by a method, the steps ofwhich are performed by a computer of a system or apparatus by, forexample, reading out and executing a program recorded on a memory deviceto perform the functions of the above-described embodiment(s). For thispurpose, the program is provided to the computer for example via anetwork or from a recording medium of various types serving as thememory device (for example, computer-readable medium).

While the present invention has been described with reference toexemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is notlimited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments. The scope of thefollowing claims is to be accorded the broadest interpretation so as toencompass all such modifications and equivalent structures andfunctions.

This application claims the benefit of Japanese Patent Application No.2010-189986, filed Aug. 26, 2010, which is hereby incorporated byreference herein in its entirety.

What is claimed is:
 1. A rendering apparatus including at least oneprocessor comprising: an obtaining unit configured to obtain objectscontained in a page; a separating unit configured to separate theobjects into a first group and a second group, wherein a level of eachobject in the first group is closer to the background than a level ofany object in the second group; and a rendering unit configured togenerate a first bitmap by rendering the objects in the first group, andgenerate a second bitmap by rendering the object in the second group onthe foreground of the first bitmap, wherein at least one of theobtaining unit, the separating unit, and the rendering unit isimplemented by the at least one processor.
 2. The rendering apparatusaccording to claim 1, wherein a level of an object indicates ahierarchical relationship among objects from the background to theforeground of the page.
 3. The rendering apparatus according to claim 2,wherein a lower number is assigned to a level of an object as the objectis closer to the background.
 4. The rendering apparatus according toclaim 3, wherein a smaller number is assigned to a level of an object asthe object is closer to the background.
 5. The rendering apparatusaccording to claim 1, further comprising: a printing unit configured toprint an image based on the second bitmap generated by the renderingunit.
 6. A rendering method comprising: obtaining objects contained in apage; separating the objects into a first group and a second group,wherein a level of each object in the first group is closer to thebackground than a level of any object in the second group; andgenerating a first bitmap by rendering the objects in the first group,and generating a second bitmap by rendering the object in the secondgroup on the foreground of the first bitmap, wherein at least one of theobtaining, the separating, and the generating is implemented by at leastone processor.
 7. The rendering method according to claim 6, wherein alevel of an object indicates a hierarchical relationship among objectsfrom the background to the foreground of the page.
 8. The renderingmethod according to claim 6, wherein a lower number is assigned to alevel of an object as the object is closer to the background.
 9. Therendering method according to claim 8, wherein a smaller number isassigned to a level of an object as the object is closer to thebackground.
 10. The rendering method according to claim 6, furthercomprising: printing an image based on the second bitmap generated inthe generating.
 11. A rendering system comprising: at least oneprocesser; an obtaining unit configured to obtain objects contained in apage; a separating unit configured to separate the objects into a firstgroup and a second group, wherein a level of each object in the firstgroup is closer to the background than a level of any object in thesecond group; and a rendering unit configured to generate a first bitmapby rendering the objects in the first group, and generate a secondbitmap by rendering the object in the second group on the foreground ofthe first bitmap, wherein at least one of the obtaining unit, theseparating unit, and the rendering unit is implemented by the at leastone processor.
 12. The rendering system according to claim 11, wherein alevel of an object indicates a hierarchical relationship among objectsfrom the background to the foreground of the page.
 13. The renderingsystem according to claim 12, wherein a lower number is assigned to alevel of an object as the object is closer to the background.
 14. Therendering system according to claim 13, wherein a smaller number isassigned to a level of an object as the object is closer to thebackground.
 15. The rendering system according to claim 11, furthercomprising: a printing unit configured to print an image based on thesecond bitmap generated by the rendering unit.